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When to plant in Rochester, MN

USDA Zone 4b

Everything below — frost dates, hardiness zone, and what to plant when in Rochester, Minnesota — is derived from the closest NOAA station with complete climate normals.

In zone 4b, Rochester winters are severe; choose cold-hardy perennials and time annuals carefully around the frost dates above.

Station · ROCHESTER INTL AP · 12.3 km
Last spring frost
April 30
50% chance · 32°F
First fall frost
October 6
50% chance · 32°F
Growing season
159 days
frost-free
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May
Jun
Jul
Aug
Sep
Oct
Nov
Dec
Frost calendar for RochesterA year-band showing 32°F frost risk from January to December for Rochester: last spring frost around April 30, first fall frost around October 6, about 159 frost-free days between.
Shaded months carry frost risk; the clear span is the average frost-free season.

Frost probability

ROCHESTER INTL AP · 1991–2020

The date the last spring and first fall frost occur, by threshold and probability. A 90% date is later in spring — and earlier in fall — than a 10% date; the 50% · 32°F row is what most gardeners plan around. These are Rochester’s own odds, recorded at ROCHESTER INTL AP.

Frost-probability curves for RochesterProbability of the last spring frost and first fall frost by date at 32°F. The last spring frost is most likely around April 30 and the first fall frost around October 6, giving about 159 frost-free days.
Last spring frostFirst fall frostbold = 32°F · thin = 28°F / 36°F · dot = 50% date · band = 10–90% window
ThresholdSPRING 10%SPRING 50%SPRING 90%FALL 10%FALL 50%FALL 90%
36°FMay 21May 9Apr 28Sep 14Sep 28Oct 11
32°FMay 13Apr 30Apr 15Sep 22Oct 6Oct 20
28°FMay 2Apr 18Apr 4Oct 4Oct 17Oct 31

Download this table as CSV ↓ — every threshold and probability, plus this city’s planting-window dates.

What to plant now

TODAY · JULY 19
Fall sowopen now
Broccoli
July 14July 28
Fall sowopen now
Cabbage
July 14July 28
Fall sowopen now
Carrot
July 14July 28
Fall sowopen now
Cauliflower
July 14July 28
Fall sowopen now
Napa Cabbage
July 14August 11
Fall sowin 9 days
Beet
July 28August 11
Fall sowin 9 days
Collards
July 28August 25
Fall sowin 9 days
Endive
July 28August 11
Fall sowin 9 days
Escarole
July 28August 11
Fall sowin 9 days
Fennel (Bulb)
July 28August 11
Fall sowin 9 days
Kale
July 28August 25
Fall sowin 9 days
Kohlrabi
July 28August 25
Fall sowin 9 days
Peas
July 28August 11
Fall sowin 9 days
Radicchio
July 28August 11
Fall sowin 9 days
Swiss Chard
July 28August 11
Fall sowin 9 days
Turnip
July 28August 25
Fall sowin 23 days
Arugula
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Bok Choy
August 11August 25
Fall sowin 23 days
Chervil
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Cilantro
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Claytonia (Miner's Lettuce)
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Corn Salad (Mâche)
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Gai Lan (Chinese Broccoli)
August 11August 25
Fall sowin 23 days
Lettuce
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Mizuna
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Mustard Greens
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Radish
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Shungiku (Edible Chrysanthemum)
August 11August 25
Fall sowin 23 days
Spinach
August 11September 8
Fall sowin 23 days
Tatsoi
August 11September 8

Add these crops to your calendar (.ics) ↓

Full-year planting calendar

Start indoorsTransplantDirect sowFall sow

Each bar is the exact window to take a planting action in Rochester, drawn to the day from the local frost dates. The dashed line is today.

Nearby weather stations

3 within 35 km · complete 32°F normals

When stations disagree by more than a few days, that spread is real microclimate variation — elevation, water, urban heat. Judge which station best matches your own yard.

ROCHESTER INTL AP
Primary
12 km · 398 m elevation
SPRING
Apr 30
FALL
Oct 6
BYRON 4NORTH
15 km · 317 m elevation
SPRING
May 12
FALL
Sep 28
ZUMBROTA
35 km · 296 m elevation
SPRING
May 9
FALL
Sep 30

Rochester planting FAQ

When is the last spring frost in Rochester, MN?

Plan for the last spring frost in Rochester around April 30 (the date it has a 50% chance of a 32°F freeze). Anything frost-sensitive should go out after it.

When is the first fall frost in Rochester, MN?

In Rochester, the first 32°F freeze of fall lands around October 6 on average. Time your last harvests and any season-extension cover before it.

What hardiness zone is Rochester in?

Rochester is in USDA hardiness zone 4b. In zone 4b, winters are cold — pick cold-hardy varieties and protect tender crops.

How long is the growing season in Rochester?

Rochester has about 159 frost-free days — a moderate growing season — between the average last spring frost (April 30) and first fall frost (October 6).

When should I plant tomatoes in Rochester?

For Rochester, sow tomatoes indoors about March 5–March 19 and move the seedlings out around May 7, after the last spring frost.

Planting reminders

Never miss a window in Rochester

An email when it’s time to start seeds, transplant, and sow — timed to Rochester’s frost dates. Double opt-in, one-click unsubscribe, no spam.

Nearby cities

8 within reach

Frost dates recorded at ROCHESTER INTL AP, 12 km from the city center · 1991–2020 NOAA climate normals · zone from the USDA/PRISM 2023 map. How we compute this.

Cite this page
BlissGarden. "When to Plant in Rochester, MN — Frost Dates & Zone 4b." Frost normals: NOAA NCEI U.S. Climate Normals 1991–2020, station USW00014925. Retrieved from https://blissgarden.com/minnesota/rochester.
When to Plant in Rochester, MN — Frost Dates & Zone 4b — BlissGarden